Shaders
Shader is a set of programs that run directly on graphics adapter. Each program from the set is called sub-shader. Sub-shaders linked with render pass, each render pass defines "where" to draw an object. "where" means that you can set up your own render pass and the renderer will use the sub-shader with your render pass. For the ease of use there are a number of predefined render passes.
Shaders have properties of various types that can be used together with materials to draw an object.
Shaders language
The engine uses GLSL shading language for every sub-shader. There are numerous GLSL guides over the internet, so there is no need to "re-post" the well documented info again.
There are very few differences:
- No need to define a version of the shader. Every shader source will be pre-processed, and it will get correct version automatically. Preprocessing is needed because the same shader could run on OpenGL and WebGL (OpenGL ES) which have some differences.
- There is a "standard" library of useful methods which is automatically included in every shader source at preprocessing stage. The library source could be found here. It is well documented, and you may find some functions useful for you job.
Structure
Shader has rigid structure that could be described in this code snippet:
(
// A set of properties, there could be any amount of properties.
properties: [
(
// Each property must have a name. This name must match with respective
// uniforms! That's is the whole point of having properties.
name: "diffuseTexture",
// Value has limited set of possible variants.
value: Sampler(default: None, fallback: White)
)
],
// A set of render passes (see next section for more info)
passes: [
(
// Name must match with the name of either standard render pass (see below) or
// one of your passes.
name: "Forward",
// A set of parameters that regulate renderer pipeline state.
// This is mandatory field of each render pass.
draw_parameters: DrawParameters(
// A face to cull. Either Front or Back.
cull_face: Some(Back),
// Color mask. Defines which colors should be written to render target.
color_write: ColorMask(
red: true,
green: true,
blue: true,
alpha: true,
),
// Whether to modify depth buffer or not.
depth_write: true,
// Whether to use stencil test or not.
stencil_test: None,
// Whether to perform depth test when drawing.
depth_test: true,
// Blending options.
blend: Some(BlendFunc(
sfactor: SrcAlpha,
dfactor: OneMinusSrcAlpha,
)),
// Stencil options.
stencil_op: StencilOp(
fail: Keep,
zfail: Keep,
zpass: Keep,
write_mask: 0xFFFF_FFFF,
),
),
// Vertex shader code.
vertex_shader:
r#"
layout(location = 0) in vec3 vertexPosition;
layout(location = 1) in vec2 vertexTexCoord;
uniform mat4 rg3d_worldViewProjection;
out vec2 texCoord;
void main()
{
texCoord = vertexTexCoord;
gl_Position = rg3d_worldViewProjection * vertexPosition;
}
"#;
// Pixel shader code.
pixel_shader:
r#"
// Note that the name of this uniform match the name of the property up above.
uniform sampler2D diffuseTexture;
out vec4 FragColor;
in vec2 texCoord;
void main()
{
FragColor = diffuseColor * texture(diffuseTexture, texCoord);
}
"#;
)
],
)
Properties
Property is a named variable of some type. Properties are directly tied with the uniforms in the sub-shaders,
for each you can have a property called time, and then you can define uniform float time; in your sub-shader
and the engine will pass a property value to that uniform for you before drawing an object. Properties placed in
a "global namespace", which means that every sub-shader has "access" to the properties.
Built-in properties
There are a number of built-in properties, the full list is available here
Predefined render passes
Predefined render passes helps you to create your own shader without a need to create your own render pass and to quickly start writing your shaders.
- GBuffer - A pass that fills a set with render target sized textures with various data about each rendered object. These textures then are used for physically-based lighting. Use this pass when you want the standard lighting to work with your objects.
- Forward - A pass that draws an object directly in render target. This pass is very limiting, it does not support lighting, shadows, etc. It should be only used to render translucent objects.
- SpotShadow - A pass that emits depth values for an object, later this depth map will be used to render shadows.
- PointShadow - A pass that emits distance from a fragment to a point light, later this depth map will be used to render shadows.
Drawing parameters
Drawing parameters defines which GPU functions to use and at which state. For example, to render transparent objects you need to enable blending with specific blending rules. Or you need to disable culling to draw objects from both sides. This is when draw parameters come in handy. There is a relatively large list of drawing parameters, and it could confuse a person who isn't used to work with graphics. Thankfully there is a good documentation about this available here
Vertex shader
Vertex shader operates on single vertices, it must provide at least the position of the vertex in clipping space. In other words it has to do at least this:
layout(location = 0) in vec3 vertexPosition;
uniform mat4 rg3d_worldViewProjection; // Note the built-in variable.
void main()
{
gl_Position = rg3d_worldViewProjection * vertexPosition;
}
This is the simplest vertex shader, using vertex shaders you can create various graphical effects that affects vertices.
Pixel Shader
Pixel shader (or more precisely - fragment shader), operates on a small fragment of your render target. In general pixels shaders just writes some color to a render target (or multiple targets) using some program.
out vec4 FragColor;
void main()
{
FragColor = vec4(1, 0, 0, 1);
}
This is the simplest pixel shader, it just fills the render target with red color.